Sunday, January 8, 2017

Write Better.

You write badly.
So do I.
Write better.

Words are like bullets.
 
Write for your reader.
Your reader has no time. Briefer is better.
Choose your words carefully. Use few words well.

Words are like bullets: Make each one count.
 To write better you must read your writing, edit it, reread it and edit it again, reread, edit again and again and again. Edit often, without remorse. Be mercilessly critical of your own text. You must be your harshest critic. This will limit others' criticism, and will inure you to their barbs.

See your writing from as many perspectives as possible. Imagine if you were a non-native speaker.  Would you understand this crap you are writing? Imagine if you were old with poor eyesight. Would you be able to even read this garbage you have  written? Imagine you are a young person with little experience: does that nonsense idea you are pushing make any sense? What will people who disagree with you think or say? Pretend you are the opposite sex, or queer, or heterosexual, or black, or white, or a space alien or or or! See the writing through the eyes of a reader.

Hate your writing because you love it. If you do not hate your writing you will never bother to improve it.  You want to write the least stupid thing, the least ugly thing, the least obscure thing.

Read your work aloud: Then you hear how stupid it sounds. Rewrite accordingly. And then read it aloud again.

When you play chess you consider each move carefully: do that when you write. Consider each word carefully. Use few words, and  well.

Learn and apply rules of punctuation. 

You are not your writing. Knowing you are not your writing means you can see your writing like a stranger would. Knowing you are not your writing also makes it easier to accept criticism of it.

See your writing as writ: something outside and above you.

I am not an author: I am simply a scribe. The words flow forth from the author of the universe, through me, and onto the page.

You write badly. And when I say you I mean: me. I write badly. But I want to write better, and I want to write less badly than anyone else.

Friday, January 6, 2017

Atlantic Initiative Results: CVE Training Materials

These two directories contain the research results for the Atlantic Initiative as well as the various training materials on CVE

CVE Training Materials for Localization & Atlantic Initative Survey Results
https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwMRRQXBqVxjcHBjV29sTEpjOGs

Atlantic Initiative Research Survey
https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwMRRQXBqVxjQ203cFp1em1nUFU
This is essentially a summary of CVE literature for Albania, Kosovo, Macedonia, Serbia in descending order of frequency. It may be mined for URLs and e-mails or used as research bases (footnotes)

PowerPoint Slides:
https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwMRRQXBqVxjcExReWNQQnExaVk
These are lectures which can either be used by other professors and/or localized into the relevant local native language and cultural context.

As promised, I remain available for authoring projects, editing, counseling and review of applications. Thank you all for the wonderful experience and your support, I am truly grateful!

Tuesday, December 27, 2016

Presentation on Scientific Methodology (powerpoint slides)

Typologies


I thought this typology interesting and wanted to save it:
"
Allete Smeulers (2014) provided the most extensive typology of perpetrators of international crime by distinguishing ten types,
. It was constructed by predominanted motive. Perpetrators with authority and 'control of the society' such as political and military leaders are referred as The criminal masterminds. They are sui generis of international crimes. Associates and collaborators of The criminal masterminds that are interested in career advance are The Careerist. Emotionally and ideologically motivated with their own system of belief are The Fanatics. Very closed to them are The criminal or sadist: they are habitual criminals and/or pathological sadists with a low level of self control. The devoted warriors are blinded by the ideology imposed by high ranked perpetrators, they abide in the criminal state and have middle or low authority. This type is a sort of a link between high and low ranked perpetrators. The Professionals are members of specialized or militarized units who are trained to kill or torture. Characteristics of The Profiteer are opportunism, selfishness and greed. The Followers and The Conformist blindly follow the those above them and have several subtypes: the obedient follower, the naive follower and the admirer. Compromised perpetrators are the last group on a culpability scale. This is a particular type, which gets involved in crime due to special circumstances (Smeulers, 2008; Smeulers, 2004). Basically, this type of perpetrator is forced or pressured in the commission of the crimes.
Hillberg (1992, according to Smeulers, 2008) studied perpetrators from the Second World War and created a similar, but simplified version of Smeuler’s typology. He divided them into four types: careerist, fanatics, vulgarians and bearers of burdens.

Michael Mann (2005) argues that ordinary people and ordinary criminals can become perpetrators of international crimes. He called them ethnic cleansing perpetrators and created a typology differing: materialistic, careerist, violent, ideological, bigoted, comradely, bureaucratic, threatened and disciplined. The need for material things and egotistical interest in crime are characteristics of materialistic, careerist and violent types of perpetrators. A blind ideological belief system is the characteristic of ideological and bigoted perpetrators. Comradely, bureaucratic, threatened and disciplined types can be easily be manipulated with, they are low ranked perpetrators.
Gupta (2001) emphasizes three most important types of perpetrators. True believers are those indoctrinated and driven by ideology. Greed is the main motivation of the Mercenaries, they are profiteers who have some kind of interest in crime. Captive participants are perpetrators who are under the illusion of social reality or are involved and engaged in crime because of fear. According to Crelinsten (1993) there is only one specific group of perpetrators – torturers, from which three types stems, each is driven by different motive. Sadists are violent, likely to have a history of masochism and sadism. Zealots function under imposed deep beliefs and ideological matrices. Professionals are divided into three subtypes: conformist, careerist and perpetrator forced into the crime.
"

Monday, December 26, 2016

Peacegaming: Games as education

I saw the students liked the simulation we did on Ruthenia. So I gathered up links and information about games and peacebuilding / cve.

https://www.openlearning.com/courses/EDU818415
Free open learning peacegame! Currently running, leads to certificate (adds something to your c.v. :)

UN United Network of Young Peacebuilders
http://unoy.org/resources

http://foreignpolicy.com/2015/06/04/making-countering-violent-extremism-sound-sexy-islamic-state-social-media/

I have not found 52Jumaa or any of the other apps supposedly created but have yet to look on the google store for android.

http://www.one95.org/

I don't know when Harvard/Tufts or Foreign Policy do their 2017 peacegame, yet. Any of you should consider it. If you want or need help just ask.

http://belfercenter.hks.harvard.edu/events/6672/peacegame_2015.html

http://peace-game.foreignpolicy.com/


https://worldpeacegame.org/
That one is directed to children. May be useful for educators in schools?

Peacegaming Email List:
mattea.cumoletti@tufts.edu
Robbie.Gramer@foreignpolicy.com
Emily.Tamkin@foreignpolicy.com
paul.mcleary@foreignpolicy.com
engleerica@gmail.com
grace.rooney@foreignpolicy.com
belfer_center@hks.harvard.edu
maria.ory@foreignpolicy.com
interviews@usip.org

Wednesday, December 21, 2016

Psychology and Deradicalization

Deradicalization is the process of reintegrating radicals back into their community.

A therapeutic approach understands dysfunction as generally the result of an inability to obtain normal goals in a healthy way. This inability may be organic but is more often environmental. When the dysfunction is environmental it most often arises out of an inability to know that an alternative is even possible: it is impossible to know something one has not experienced. Alternatively, it is due to knowing an alternative is possible, but not knowing how to attain the alternative in a healthy manner.

Hierarchy of Needs
Behaviorism

Much of the literature asks if deradicalization is even possible, which seems like a false track. It seems obvious to me that deradicalization is possible, because people are not robots.

Little literature seems to focus on psychotherapy.

Best practices seem to focus on community and family involvement.

http://www.gelfand.umd.edu/KruglanskiGelfand(2014).pdf

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/daniel-koehler/moms-fight-extremism_b_11089836.html

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/arie-kruglanski/drivers-of-deradicalizati_b_6117334.html

http://www.psychologicalscience.org/observer/detainee-deradicalization#.WFKJVBorLIU

http://terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/article/view/128/html

http://www.women-without-borders.org/files/downloads/CAN_MOTHERS_CHALLENGE_EXTREMISM.pdf

http://psy.au.dk/fileadmin/Psykologi/Forskning/Preben_Bertelsen/Avisartikler_radikalisering/Panorama.pdf

https://www.nla.gov.au/sites/default/files/webform/draft_cve_developing_an_evidence-based_for_policy_and_practice.pdf#page=135

https://dspace.royalroads.ca/handle/10170/947

http://www.start.umd.edu/pubs/START_Webber_DeradicalizationofFormerMembersofLTTE.pdf

Tuesday, December 20, 2016

Criminal Procedure Vocabulary

Criminal Law Terms
Dr. Eric Engle, LL.M.

Pre-Trial: Search and Seizure
Evidence = Methods of proof of facts
There must be a reason for search or seizure
Probable Cause to believe a crime has been committed and that this person or place has evidence of that crime.
Consent
Evidence: EVERYTHING in law comes down to proof! Evidence!
Affidavit
Signed
Notarized
Witnessed
Interrogatory
Admissible Evidence
A term used to describe evidence that may be considered by a jury or judge in civil and criminal cases.
Indictment
Once you have evidence you may:
Indict; Indictment which leads to the
Arraignment and the judge may set
Bail
The release, prior to trial, of a person accused of a crime, under specified conditions designed to assure that person's appearance in court when required. Also can refer to the amount of bond money posted as a financial condition of pretrial release.

Rights of the Accused
After the indictment the defendant has the rights of the accused
Right to a speedy trial
Right to know the accusation
Right to know the accuser
Right to a public trial
Right to self defense
Right against self incrimination

Trial Procedures
Brief
A written statement submitted in a trial or appellate proceeding that explains one side's legal and factual arguments.
Acquittal
A jury verdict that a criminal defendant is not guilty, or the finding of a judge that the evidence is insufficient to support a conviction.
Trial
Direct Examination
Cross Examination
Jury
Appeals
After conviction the defendant may Appeal
A request made after a trial by a party that has lost on one or more issues that a higher court review the decision to determine if it was correct. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the "appellant;" the other party is the "appellee."
Appellant
The party who appeals a district court's decision, usually seeking reversal of that decision.
Appellate
About appeals; an appellate court has the power to review the judgment of a lower court (trial court) or tribunal.
Types of Offences
Elements of Any Crime:
Mens Rea – Culpable Mentality: Must have Criminal Capacity (be an adult, sane, not senile)
Specific Intent: Intend the Outcome
General Intent: Intend the Act
Strict Liability: Intent irrelevant
Actus Reus: The criminal act
Violation
Not a crime
Misdemeanor
<1 year in prison
Felony
>1 year in prison
Crimes Against the Person
Crimes against the person are generally punished more harshly than crimes against property.
Attempt
Assault
Battery
Rape
Robbery
Burglary (breaking and entering)
Rape
Manslaughter
Murder
Crimes Against Property
Financial Crimes
Bribery
Embezzlement
Extortion
Fraud
Forgery
Market Manipulation
Insider Trading
Tax Fraud
Inchoate Offences
Conspiracy – Agreement to commit a crime plus an overt act in furtherance of the conspiracy
Attempt
Complicity
Accomplice Liability
Accessory
Accomplice
Complicity – Aiding and Abetting
Misprision
Solicitation
Incitation
Sentencing
Aggravating Circumstances
Justification
Excuse
Warrant
Literally, reason, justification.

Search Warrant
An order from a court authorizing a search. Requires probable cause.
A warranted search is presumed legal.

Extradition: The transfer of a prisoner from one country to another usually under the terms of an extradition treaty. Some countries do not permit extradition of their citizens.

Treaty: A legally binding agreement between two states. Bilateral.
Convention: A multilateral treaty between three or more states.

Presumption / Legal Presumption
A default rule which resolves a doubtful case. If a person has a burden of proof and does not make their proof then the presumption applies and determines the case.
Example: one is presumed innocent until proven guilty. If the state does not

Burden of Proof
The burden which is placed on a person to prove a fact or point of law. Normally actor incombit probandi - the person making a claim must also prove it.

Burden of Persuasion
The standard of proof which must be met. In civil cases it is "more likely than not". In criminal cases the standard of proof is "beyond reasonable doubt"

Question of fact: in common law is determined by the jury
Question of law: in common law and civil law is determined by the judge

Probable Cause
Determination that it is likely that a crime has occurred and/or that there will be evidence of that crime at a certain location or on a certain person.

Arrest Warrant
An order from a court authorizing arrest of a person. Requires probable cause.

European Arrest Warrant: A European warrant to arrest a person anywhere in the EU the person is found.

Unteruchungshaft / Garde a vue / Arrest and Pre-trial detention
The detention prior to trial of the person accused of a crime.

Immunized Testimony
Use Immunity
Transaction Immunity

Hearsay evidence: an out of court statement introduced at trial to prove the truth of the statement made out of court. Generally inadmissible in common law. Numerous exceptions.

Authentication of a document: the proof that a given document is in fact what it purports to be.  E.g. that it is the pesons signature etc. That the document is true and accurate.

Best Evidence Rule: Goes to admissibility, not to weight of evidence. If an original is available an original is preferable to a copy.

Ex post facto Law / Rueckwirkung - not the same as vagueness or overbreadth
Nul crimen sine lege preavia - vagueness, overbreadth
The vague law is not clear what conduct is illegal
The overbroad law captures conduct which is in itself lawful

Mala in se
Mala prohibita

Outlaw: deprivation of legal personality.

QUIZ FROM LAST TIME
Bail / Bail Bond
Negligent Tort
Intentional Tort
Strict Liability
Chain of Custody
Privilege against self incrimination

General Intent
Specific Intent

Inchoate Offenses
Attempt
Conspiracy


Financial Crimes

Counterfeit ($)
Forgery (any legal document)

Fraud
Stock Fraud (Insider Trading
Market Manipulation


Bust Out
Pump and Dump
Churning
Pyramid scheme