Disclaimer :)

I am not a diplomat, just an academic. My opinions are my own and are not those of the U.S. government or any organ thereof such as the Department of State or affiliated NGO such as the Fulbright Foundation. Thanks for understanding.

Methodology: How and Why to Publish Articles about the Law and Political Science

How to write your article:
0) Develop problematique: What is the question you want to answer?
1) Generate Hypothesis which tentatively answers problematique.
2) Research: Read articles, books, generate footnotes: quotations + citations
3) Refine hypothesis into thesis statement
4) Write outline (structure of the argument) which will prove the thesis
5) Put quotes & footnotes into outline
6) WRITE ARTICLE INTO THE OUTLINE AROUND THE FOOTNOTES TO PROVE THE THESIS STATEMENT

quod erat demonstratum.

How and Why to Publish Articles about the Law

Eric Engle

Lawyers have a responsibility to work for the general public good (pro bono publico). The law is constantly evolving. The evolution of law occurs in part through legal commentary. Furthermore, legal scholarship is a source of international law and persuasive evidence of the law in most civilianist legal systems. Finally, publishing your work is a professional credential. It is a way to make your mark on the law. A way to attract attention to your practice.

1. How to Write Your Article: Structure and Discipline.

Good writing is a discipline. The law review article seeks to present and prove a thesis. This requires a clear cogent thesis statement. It also requires a structured argument to support the thesis. This structure will normally be an outline which will be reflected in the table of contents of the article. The article’s points of law, especially those which are controversial, must be footnoted. Footnotes, whether to legislation, cases, or commentary are the scientific foundation of your work. And this is the basic process of writing. First, develop a thesis statement. This is your hypothesis. Then, research the law, to find and form the footnotes you will use. You may then modify your hypothesis which now becomes your thesis statement. You then form an outline of the structured arguments you will use to prove your thesis. You then place the tentative footnotes into the outline. Essentially, one writes the article into the outline, around the footnotes to prove the thesis statement. Footnotes should be formed according to the ALWD, the Blue Book, or the Oscola style.

This process of writing may seem simple. However, writing takes discipline. Finding and forming footnotes is indispensable. As to one’s own writing: edit! edit! edit! edit! Outline ten times, write once. But then, reread, rewrite, reread, rewrite. Editing seeks to express ideas clearly and quickly. The reader should consult style guides like Strunk and White’s Elements of Style. Canons like: “Omit needless words.” “Avoid the passive voice.” “Use short sentences.” should be burnt in every writers brain. Good writers use literary devices. However, literary devices are not necessary and may detract from your writing if badly used.

After you have written your article you should show it to your friends. They may point out things that seem clear to you which might not be clear to another reader.

2. Submitting Your Monsterpiece?

It Better Be a Masterpiece! No One Has Time to Waste!

Once you’ve written your article you must submit it for publication. Just like there’s a method for writing, there is also a method for publishing.

First, you need to figure out where you want to submit to. There are two types of journals. Some journals, usually better ranked European ones, insist on “exclusive submission”. They only consider your article if you promise not to submit it elsewhere while they consider it. They usually take about two months to review your article. They may reject your article outright, or will return it with comments and ask for revisions and resubmission.

U.S. journals are generally not exclusive submit. That means your article can be under consideration at more than one law review at a time. However U.S. law reviews have two submission seasons. September and March. I mass submit at those times and then individual submit in the other months.

When you feel your paper is “as good as you can make it” you must send it to journals. Your cover letter may well be the only thing the journal actually reads. In fact, the subject line of your email may be the only thing the journal reads. It has to be perfect. A good subject line might be: SUBMISSION – “The Law and Economics of Mergers and Acquisitions in Russia”. The journal knows this is a submission, and even knows the title of your article. Your title, just like the subject line of that email, must be perfect.

I repeat the TITLE of your article is the ONLY thing you are sure your reader will read. It has to be perfect. Likewise, your first paragraph must also be perfect for the same reason. You should focus especially on the first three pages and last page of your article. It must be *perfect*.

You also need a cover letter. Your cover letter should describe who you are, and what you want. You are a lawyer. You want to publish your article about ___. Be friendly and courteous to your editors. Be clear that you will be happy to edit your article and that you will provide footnotes, substantive or stylistic editing as the editors require.

Your cover letter should include an *abstract* of the article. An abstract presents a summary of the article. Your cover letter should also include your c.v. Include your c.v. and abstract both inline and as an attachment.

Essentially editors have little time and no interest to edit your half-done work. You should be sending them an article “ready to be published” — not something half baked. And your cover letter should look perfectly professional — because that is all they may bother to look at.

3. Where to Send your Article

There are numerous lists of email addresses for submission. See, e.g.,

http://lawlib.wlu.edu/lj/

LexOpus — free online submission manager.

https://lawlib.wlu.edu/lexopus/index.aspx

http://ssrn.com

(for preprints and working papers)

http://www.lexisnexis.com/lawschool/prodev/lawreview/

Some of the law reviews which are not listed on lexopus, but addresses may be out of date.

Like you can see there are literally hundreds of law reviews. Select those journals most relevant for your article.

4. Publication offer! Then What?

Your publisher will make a publication offer and may ask you to sign a contract giving them copyright. You should have no illusions about making money from writing about law. However you should insist on keeping the right to reproduce your article after an embargo of a year for the academic publishers. Kluwer, Springer and similar for-profit publishers will insist on a permanent embargo. They are reputable enough you should publish with them anyway. If you really hate a term in the contract you can try to negotiate it: “I’m ok giving you exclusive copyright for an embargo of 1 year, but want the right to republish it myself in the book I am planning” – for example.

When your article gets offered publication you should in my opinion simply accept and then go write something else. But you should also write all the other journals you asked to look at your work and tell them that your article is off the market. Some authors try to “expedite” their article to get it placed in a better ranked journal. I find that unseemly. I like having a good reputation, but then I write and publish very often.

If you wish to try to figure out how to “expedite” your article ask Professor Google 

In all events love whatever you write and

Good luck!

——————–

Suggested methodologies: 

1) Problématique: The student must begin with a question which they seek to answer. The research then answers the question and/or leads to other questions… Better for an academic setting than practice but a veryuseful perspective nonetheless. 

2) Case history: The student takes a case which they are interested in and traces the cases history and development. This is very straightforward but produces a useful product especially for legal practitioners. It's an easy great way to publish your first articles.

3) Comparative approach: The student takes a legal concept which interests them, and traces the concepts development in two different countries. Ideally the student then synthesizes and concludes what would be a better system than either. Can be good for practice and is good for academic work. Done properly it is very scientific. Done poorly it is wishy-washy. 

4) Critique: The student analyses a given law: to determine its weak points. A good method for cynics and nihilists: Rather than seeking to prove something this method seeks to disprove another thing. 

5) Polemic: This is the opposite of problématique. Rather than seeking to answer a question the student seeks to prove a hypothesis. This is better for practice than academics since polemical work tends to be less objective but polemic teaches students to organize and direct their thoughts. On the other hand if legal science is a science then it posits facts about law – so polemic has always been able to claim to be scientific – at least in its better forms… 

Naturally students may mix these methods. They are in all events only “suggested approaches”. 

Free Research Sources

http://mindworks.altervista.org

Legal materials but also books and commentary. Enjoy!

The powerpoints for my lectures are in this folder.

Dear Students,

The powerpoints for today's lectures are in this folder.

https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0BwMRRQXBqVxjcExReWNQQnExaVk?usp=sharing

I  am lecturing on ISIS and the ICC at the law school, then on Sources of Violent Extremism at the Faculty of Political Science and then on Transatlantic Criminal Procedure this evening. The third lecture will focus on vocabulary. I will upload that powerpoint slide show later today.

Thank you for inviting me I look forward to seeing you all today!

Yours truly,

Eric Engle

Aleppo

The massacres and disproportional targeting, including targeting of civilans, are war crimes; these war crimes are being committed by  the Syrian government and Russian Federation.

The massacres are not only war crimes, they are unislamic.

Once again, innocent Moslems are dying, and Russia is there to bury them all.
Thanks Russia, thanks a lot :/
These deaths are not the fault of the United States.

We should mourn all the dead in Syria - even the Russians. Death is our common enemy.


Hopefully the new administration will mean the end of the needless slaughter of innocent people.

May God have mercy on us all.

Violent Extremism - Readings

These are various documents which I think are worth reading on violent extremism (VE). I will post more links to articles and books in the near future. We will discuss these ideas and the readings next week. You should let your curiousity be your guide -- read the things which interest you most first!

HISTORIES OF EXTREMISM

The Revolutionary Ascetic. Evolution of a Political Type by Bruce Mazlish www.arnoldrichards.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/MazlishReviewWeb.pdf

This book is brilliant and a must-read. Interlibrary loan?

Fire in the Minds of Men
https://books.google.ba/books?id=saTynFUNPD8C&printsec=frontcover

A very good reference to the ideas and histories of extremisms.

Anything by Walter Laqueur:

The Terrorism Reader (1978)

Guerilla Warfare https://books.google.ba/books?id=iQS-1jqgeScC&printsec=frontcover 

Prolific author and excellent reading.

Fictional Literature 

A Clockwork Orange 
http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/clockworkorange/ https://www.amazon.com/Clockwork-Orange-Anthony-Burgess/dp/0393312836 
http://chabrieres.pagesperso-orange.fr/texts/clockwork_orange.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TcUxJPffmUA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zpRUNWPaJzU

Lord of the Flies
https://www.enotes.com/documents/lord-flies-chapter-1-sound-shell-53829 http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/flies/ 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hrTEouGbu0E
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i1wVusxZcvM

These two are classic literature and great to read.

CURRENT SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE

Overview: 
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violent_extremism#Causes 

Guide to the Drivers of VE
http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADT978.pdf 

US Department of State
http://www.state.gov/j/remarks/260723.htm 

Scientificity & Critique:
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/57a0899d40f0b64974000192/Drivers_of_Radicalisation_Literature_Review.pdf 

https://medium.com/insurge-intelligence/the-astonishingly-crap-science-of-counter-extremism-65810f8ac8e6#.qk15x2mp2 


Police Perspectives

http://www.theiacp.org/portals/0/pdfs/RadicalizationtoViolentExtremismAwarenessBrief.pdf http://www.osce.org/atu/111438?download=true 

For Further Reading Bibliography
http://www.start.umd.edu/terrorism-and-violent-extremism

Syllabus

PREVENTING AND REMEDYING VIOLENT EXTREMISM

Eric Engle (eric.engle@yahoo.com)

DIRECTING LINE OF INQUIRY OF THE PROJECT:

Why do some groups reject armed struggle while others take it up?

When and how and why is unarmed struggle more effective than armed struggle at advancing political agendas?

How to prevent, and remedy extremist violence?

Introductory Lecture: Reverse Engineering Violent Extremism

1. The Sources of Violent Extremism:

The sources of extremism are poverty and desperation, anger and despair. Anger at being isolated, shut out, ridiculed, excluded. Despair at lack of opportunity. Desperation due to hunger, untreated illness, absent medical care. No education other than the gang, whatever stripes or colors the gang wears to intimidate enemies and inspire friends. In some respects, extremist violence is a reaction to violation. Without a wellspring of despair violence is limited to isolated individuals, deluded fools or criminals. Despair is a necessary precondition to extremism, may exceptionally be sufficient on its own, but is not the sole cause of violent extremism.

2. The Vectors of Violent Extremism: Demagogic Elites

Though often a reaction, not all violent extremism is desperate and poor. In fact, elite leaders of

extremist movements, the Lenins, Maos, and Bin Ladens of the world, are by-and-large from the upper classes. Rarely, a rabble rousing populist like Hitler emerges from the rank-and-file. But by and large the main ingredients of extremist violence are elites consciously choosing violence and everyday people so desperate that they will try anything just to have the bare necessities. Add war veterans, police, some guns and explosives, a taunting prejudiced provocation here and there, season with misplaced ambition and jealousy, and set on a low simmer of constant low-grade domestic violence and petty crime until the pot explodes. That, roughly speaking, is the recipe for "success" in violent radicalism.

A bleak picture: but this formula for death can be reverse engineered. That is what this project seeks to do.

3. Reversing the Course

The project will identify these risk factors and policies to combat them in isolation or combination. It will also show what America can and cannot do to help countries like Bosnia.

America can help replace the recipe for clan hatred with hope. America is a beacon of hope, a shining example and refuge for exiles and migrants. We can exchange hate for hope through education: we must point out why and how the people are misled. We can make the difference by offering opportunity and by helping create conditions of law and justice in countries like Bosnia to replace criminality with productivity and corruption with honor. Sometimes, amnesty, mostly a line in the sand. The past is the past, and building a better future together is what it's all about.

Because human nature is by-and-large similar it is possible to develop a general model for understanding extremist violence, whether right-wing, left-wing, or religious. Rival militias and gangs have a lot in common so we can help people from apparently different communities organize to better relate to each other’s experiences. This project, if effective in Bosnia, could then be replicated in other Eastern European countries facing similar problems.

4. Research objective of the exchange:

To develop a unified theory of extremist violence and to publish that theory as either a brief monograph or long essay so as to reverse-engineer the tactics of extremist violence. Essay can be lead chapter for an edited work including chapters by exchange host-partners. Candidate promises to edit Bosnian writers English for publication whether in book proposed, or individually by exchange partner authors

COURSE OVERVIEW

English language learning occurs on Monday and Thursdays. Those lectures focus on political and legal terminology to enable people to improve their English through practice in a practical field of work. Language is most intensely taught at the start of the session in hopes to have improved the students' English language ability by the end of the session to enable useful work. The topics presented are general overviews and are more appropriate to students than scholarly researchers. Advanced scholars are welcome to participate, they may find the content already within their ability. Later in the session Thursdays may also be used for students’ and scholars’ seminar presentations. Lists of legal terminology and definitions as well as short relevant legal readings will be provided. Translation of Bosnian legal materials into English as classroom exercises or homework is also possible!

Tuesdays are in-depth analysis of the law and politics of prevention of violence. A good working knowledge of English is expected and Tuesdays are most appropriate for advanced students and scholars. Scholars are invited to present their research and writing on Tuesdays for editing, commentary, and to network for publication,

Wednesdays are training the trainers and students’ and scholars’ seminar presentations. Scholars and students are invited and encouraged to present their own research as an English language presentation and paper. Those students who present papers are enabled thereby to obtain academic credit from host institutions, provided the host institution agrees that their performance meets academic standards. Seminar papers may likewise be considered for publication if of very high quality.

Fridays are for the three simulations, "The War of the Ants", "Ruthenia and Ainehtur" and "A Minority is You". Weekends may be used to extend the simulations, if there is interest, or for outings to local historical points of interest or libraries. Saturday of the last weekend is for networking and individual counselling. The final exam is tentatively scheduled for the last Sunday of the five weeks.

Students are encouraged to bring food with them and are allowed to eat during the lectures. Students are requested to turn off their mobile phones but may use their electronics during lectures. Students are requested to read, at least briefly, the assigned readings so that we may discuss them intelligently: the more you read the more you learn!

FIRST WEEK – INTERNATIONAL LAW

Monday: Introduction of Participant Scholars

Introductory lecture – The Matrix of Conflict Prevention and Reconcilation – UN, EU, NATO (30 minutes) – questions to this lecture should be posed during the five weeks of teaching and training!  

30 minute break for mixer – students’ self-introduction, institutional presentations (informal). Each institution should have a table set up with their representative and materials which they may wish to show others. Students should then go and visit the participating institutions to meet each other and build friendships and professional contacts.

International Law

Introduction of course, distribution of seminar topics

Westphalian State System

1. Legal Definition of the State:

2. Sources of International Law

3. Jus cogens

4. Monism and Dualism

Tuesday: Lectures & Seminar Presentations

Liberalism

1. Understanding the Ideas of Liberal Internationalist Capitalism: Aristotle Hobbes, Locke, Smith – Peace and Prosperity through Trade due to interdependence and comparative advantage

2. The Rule of Law State: USA, Germany, Singapore

Lunch Break

Post-Conflict Reconciliation

3. How to cause - or prevent - genocide: Armenia: Armenia, Nazi Germany, Rwanda, Bosnia

4. Post-Conflict Reconciliation – Amnesty versus Impunity, Truth and Reconcilation Trials

5. The International Criminal Court 1 2 3

Wednesday: Training Trainers and Seminars

1. Constructivist Learning Theory and Teaching Methods: How to Teach

2. How to Research and Cite Law

3. Psychological Perspectives on Dysfunction: Understanding Sources of Problems

4. How to read rapidly! Skimming and outlining, annotating documents. (Speed reading)

Thursday: English Language & Legal Terms

General Principles of International Law and the Law of War

State Sovereignty & Territorial Integrity

Immunity

Diplomatic Protection

Law of War - Jus ad bello, Jus in bellum

Geneva Conventions

Friday: Simulation, "The War of the Ants"; can extend into weekend if students are interested.

SECOND WEEK – INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW

Monday: English Language & Legal Terms – The Post-Westphalian International System

I. Principles

1. Functionalism: Preventing Depression and Human Rights Abuses to Avoid War

2. Constitutionalization

3. Juridification 1

II. Institutions and Instruments

A.    UN Charter & UDHR

1.      UN Security Council

2.      UN Resolutions

B.     European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) - Extraterritoriality of the ECHR

Tuesday: Lectures & Seminar Presentations - Nationalist Extremism: Fascism

1. Nationalism and Extremist Violence: Cause, Cure, or Both?

2. Hitler Youth versus Young Pioneers: Youth Movements Training for Extremist Violence

3. Nationalist Socialism and Religion: Hitler and Islam

4. Corporatism 1  2

Wednesday: Training Trainers & Seminars

How to Learn and Teach Languages: The Practical Parrot

1. A musical approach: rhythm, tone, literary devices

2. A structural approach: affirmation/negation direction/location, logical connectors, prepositions and post-positions, nouns into verbs into nouns, modal verbs, time, space

3. A cognative approach (sic): cognates and loan-words.

4. In Brief: Deciphering Abbreviations, e.g., n.b., c.f., UN, etc.

5. Practical Tips: Tandems, Partners, Skype, Movies, Youtube, and Hobbies!

6. Not my cup of tea, but whatever works for you: idioms & stock phrases, crosswords and puns.

Thursday: English Language & Legal Terms

The Generation Theory of Human Rights

1. First Generation "Liberty" Rights: UN Convention on Civil & Political Rights (ICCPR)

Contract, Property, Voting, Freedom of Speech, Religion; negatives freedom from state power

2. Second Generation "Equality" Rights (ICESCR) - positive claims to state resources

Workers' Rights: Collective Bargaining

Social Rights: The Right to Education

Anti-Discrimination Law

Racial Discrimination

Sex Discrimination

Gender Discrimination

Sexual Minorities

3. Third Generation "Fraternity" Rights - Hortatory Rights and Aspirational Goals

Economic Cultural and Social Rights: Right to Development, Right to Food

Friday: Simulation, "The War of the Ants"; can extend into weekend if students are interested.

THIRD WEEK – CONSTITUTIONAL LAW

Monday: English Language & Legal Terms

Constitutional Law of State Organization

a. Federalism

b. Separation of powers

c. Secularity

d. Elections and voting rights

e. Referenda?

f. Constitutional Amendment

g. Constitutional Courts

h. Party-political Systems

i. Constitutive Communities: Religions, Unions, Corporations, Universities, Mass Media

Tuesday: Lectures and Seminar Presentations:

Marxist Extremism

1. Marxist Revolution: War and State Sponsored Terrorism

2. State sponsored terrorism? Baader Meinhof, Red Brigades, PLO,  and the Japanese Red Army

3. National Liberation? The Rise and Fall of the Irish Republican Army

4. The Maoist Black Panthers: Terrorists or Revolutionaries? (Watts Riots)

Wednesday: Training Trainers

Community Organizing

Fund-raising

Tabling

Public marches

Netizens & Internet Activism

Thursday: English Language & Legal Terms

Constitutional Law of Fundamental Rights

1. Civil and Political Rights

2. Fundamental Rights

a. Property and Contract

b. Freedom of Expression

c. Freedom of Religion

d. Rights of the Accused

e. Proportionality Principle http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1431179

f. Typology of Rights

Lunch Break

Refugees, Migrants, Veterans and Radicals: Integration and Reintegration of displaced persons into peaceful civil society.

Friday: Simulation of Post-conflict reconciliation - Ruthenia and Ainehtur

Simulation may be extended into weekend if students are interested.

FOURTH WEEK – EU LAW

Monday: English Language & Legal Terms - EU Law

Council and Commission

Four Freedoms

Regulations and Directives

General Principles of Community Law

Harmonization

ECJ Case Law; Advocate General; Precedential value of ECJ Case Law

Acquis Communautaire

Tuesday: Lectures and Seminar Presentations

Identity Politics & Extremism

Anti-Discrimination: Gender, Sex, Race, Language

A Woman's Place is on the Barricades? Law, Culture, Equality and Feminism

Gay Rights or Gay Riots? Stonewall, Act-Up, and Legal Radical Struggle

American Civil Rights and Anti-Apartheid: ANC, Black Panthers, Nation of Islam, Pacifists

Language Rights: The FLQ in Quebec and the failure of terrorism

Wednesday: Training Trainers, Participant Presentations

Publishing

Social Media Activism, TOR, HTML/JS/CSS

Publish and Prosper: Wordpress, Blogger, Amazon: How to get your ideas into print and on the internet.

Thursday: English Language & Legal Terms: EU and ECHR

EU Competition Law & US Anti-Trust Law

Proportionality (EU and ECHR)

Third party effect of fundamental rights (Drittwirkung) (EU and ECHR)

Researching EU and ECHR Law

The relationship between EU law, National Laws, and ECHR Law

EU & International Environmental Law: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1335088

http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1283791

Polluter Pays Principle

Source Principle

Precautionary Principle

Ecotaxes

Friday: Simulation of Post-conflict reconciliation - Ruthenia and Ainehtur

Simulation may be extended into weekend if students are interested.

FIFTH WEEK – PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW

Monday: English Language & Legal Terms

Anti-Corruption Law

Monism and Dualism

International Civil Procedure: Jurisdiction

Anti-corruption law
UN Anti-Bribery Convention

Extraterritorial Law: SEC, Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO)

Foreign Corrupt Practices Act

UK Anti-Bribery Act

Tuesday:

Religious Extremism

Crusade versus Jihad? Clash of Civilizations or Concert of Countries?

Freikorps, Gangs, and Jihadists: Similarities, differences and prevention in Weimar Germany, the United States, and the Islamic world.

American Civil Rights and Anti-Apartheid: ANC, Black Panthers, Nation of Islam, Pacifists

Wednesday: Training Trainers

Public Speaking

How to present a public speech - Relaxed self-confidence based on experience and competence

How to present at a videoconference

How to debate

Debating Sessions – Participants will be given a resolution to argue for or against and then debate it. Resolutions will relate to meeting the challenges of violent extremism.

Thursday: English Language & Legal Terms

International business law

Contract Law

Corporation Law

Joint Ventures

Corporate Governance - Human rights obligations of corporations CSR

Friday: Simulation: A minority is You!

Weekend: Conclusion and networking

Sunday: Final examination for those seeking lecture course credit and honors certificate.

Classroom Exercises:

1. The war of the ants.

Two or more rival ant-colonies are competing for limited resources. Each colony has workers, soldiers, a queen, and possibly slave ants. Some ant colonies make slave ants others will not, that's just their nature. Each student represents one of these roles. The colonies compete for food and to grow their population or enslave or destroy the other colonies. Resources are water, food, slaves. The objective is to help the students see how rival groups interact in a totally depoliticized context so they can understand dysfunction to prevent it and resolve it. Scoring is based on start-end population differential: exercise teaches that cooperative strategies are more productive than destructive competition due to the gearing of resources and combat exchanges in the exercise.

2. Post Conflict Reconciliation:

A terrible war has ruined Ruthenia. Ruthenia is populated by Ruthenians and Ainehturs. Most

Ruthenians worship Sacred Ruth, but some are atheists. Most Ainehturs worship Ain, "the one true God". The Ain religion is very strict. Ainehturs who reject Ain are expelled from their community. Some of them live in Ruthenian villages. A few worship Ruth and go to the Temple of Ruth with Ruthenians. However, Ainehtur minorities still speak Ainehturian and keep their culture. Even Ainehturian converts are distrusted and unpopular among Ruthenians.

No one can say for sure how the war between Big Ruthen and Greater Ainehtia started. But armies from Big Ruthen and Ainehtia raged through poor Ruthenia, committing terrible crimes. The war finally ended, but the conflict didn't. In this simulation students are assigned various roles "militant pan-nationalist", "minority", etc. to try to address issues of post-conflict social reintegration. This is an unscored role playing exercise. It seeks to help the students understand the problems of post-conflict integration objectively and dispassionately.

3. The minority is YOU!

Students are separated into two groups - one of which will be declared undesirable. Students are

assigned chits representing money. Some students have "keys" which grant access to university, a job, an apartment or a bomb. One student is designated "the secret policeman" whose job is to detect and recover the bomb. One student is designated "the terrorist". The terrorist's objective is to obtain the bomb. The secret policman has more chits than any one player but less than all chits total. Students are scored individually based on chit differential at start and end. Terrorist wins by obtaining bomb. Secret policeman wins by discovering terrorist or obtaining bomb.  Learning objectives: teaching the problem of paranoia, the necessity of security, the question of trust. exercise rules do not prohibit bribery, so exercise can be used to teach the problem of bribery, too.

SUGGESTED SEMINAR PRESENTATION TOPICS

Students and scholars are encouraged to propose seminar topics which they wish to research, present, and write about!

The Rule of Law State: UK, Germany, Singapore

How to cause - or prevent - genocide: Armenia, Nazi Germany, Rwanda, Bosnia

Marxist Revolution: War and State Sponsored Terrorism

Nationalism and Extremist Violence: Cause, Cure, or Both?

Nationalist Socialism and Religion: Hitler and Islam

Hitler Youth versus Young Pioneers: Youth Movements Training for Extremist Violence

A Woman's Place is on the Barricades? Law, Culture, Equality

Gay Rights or Gay Riots? Stonewall, Act-Up, and Legal Radical Struggle

American Civil Rights and the Anti-Apartheid Movement

The Maoist Black Panthers: Terrorists or Revolutionaries? (Watts Riots)

State sponsored terrorism? Baader Meinhof, Red Brigades, PLO,  and the Japanese Red Army

National Liberation? The Rise and Fall of the Irish Republican Army

Language Rights: The FLQ in Quebec and the failure of terrorism

The Rule of Law and Law Enforcement in the Struggle against Violence

All Lives Matter: Law Enforcement and the Struggle against Violence

Gangs of New York? A Comparison of private terrorism and gang violence

Freikorps, Gangs, and Jihadists: Similarities, differences and prevention in Weimar Germany, the United States, and the Islamic world.

Dr. Engle will cover these topics if they are not addressed by a student/scholar who wishes to work on the above issues.

Academic Credits:

The course provides a participation certificate for each participant. The course may be used to obtain seminar credit at a host institution or lecture credit at a host institution or both. Seminar papers should be 10-30 pages, well footnoted with table of contents and bibliography. The examination will be 1 essay of one hour length which may be chosen from 5 possible questions based on each week of the lecture.  Course may be taken pass/fail or for graded credit on US non-curved grading scale, where 65%=D, 70% =C, 80% =B and 90%=A.